#algebra ## Definition Suppose we have some domain, and a contour $\LARGE \gamma$ inside. Inside the contour we have some point $\LARGE a$, then: $$\LARGE f(a)=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_\gamma \frac{f(z)}{z-a}dz$$ ![[Pasted image 20251028201206.png]] Essentially, a [[Holomorphic function]] defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk ## Proof We can't use [[Cauchy's integral theorem]] straight away because in point $\LARGE z=a$ we have a singularity, so we have to modify our contour: ![[Pasted image 20251028201237.png]] infitesimal circle of radius $\LARGE \varepsilon$, and two infintely close linear segments $\LARGE l_1$ and $\LARGE l_2$. New contour: $\LARGE \gamma_1 = \gamma+ l_2+\varepsilon+l_1$ ![[Pasted image 20251028201337.png]] Then: $$\LARGE \oint_{\gamma_1}\frac{f(z)}{z-a}dz=0$$ $$\LARGE \oint_{\gamma_1}=\oint_\gamma+\int_{l_2}+\int_{l_1}+\int_\varepsilon$$ Integrals on $\LARGE l_1$ and $\LARGE l_2$ cancel each other out The remaining integral can be easily computed: ![[Pasted image 20251028201656.png]] ### Generalization for an annulus ![[Pasted image 20251028201900.png]] Just add 4 linear segments: ![[Pasted image 20251028201923.png]] ![[Pasted image 20251028202006.png]]