#philosophy ## Structure The starting point(s) of an argument is/are its **premises**. From the premises an argument derives a **conclusion**. If the premises are not factual, then they are **untrue**. If the reasoning is fallacious, then the argument is **invalid**. "Logical" $\LARGE \neq$ "Sensible" An argument may be valid but full of bullshit ## Forms of an argument ### Modus ponens Full name modus ponendo ponus: If A is true, and $\LARGE A \rightarrow B$, then B is true. ### Reductio ad absurdum ^3d8591 If a proposition Q and its negation $\LARGE \not Q$ are found to be both true, then the premise is false.